内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall

哪一组症状是甲状腺功能亢进的典型表现？

1. A怕热、体重减轻、震颤和心悸
2. B声音嘶哑、面部浮肿和思维迟缓
3. C便秘、皮肤干燥、指甲易断、头发粗糙稀疏
4. D怕冷、体重增加和脉搏缓慢

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ATaking too much insulin
2. BEating too much fruit
3. CNot drinking enough water
4. DDrinking too much water

甲状腺手术一周后，一名患者的声音仍然嘶哑无力。最可能的并发症是什么？

1. A手术诱发的甲状腺危象
2. B喉返神经损伤
3. C对粘性敷料胶带过敏
4. D甲状旁腺损伤引起的低钙

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ABulk-forming laxatives
2. BProton pump inhibitors
3. CSSRI antidepressants
4. DPenicillin antibiotics

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ARegular forced vital capacity measurements
2. BDaily chest X-rays
3. COxygen saturation alone
4. DPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator

A patient received IV insulin and glucose for hyperkalaemia an hour ago. What must the nurse monitor over the next few hours?

1. AUrine colour, for blood in the urine
2. BSkin, for a drug rash
3. CPupils, for raised intracranial pressure
4. DCapillary glucose, for hypoglycaemia

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. ARespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
2. BAsk the family to change the patient's mind
3. CTell the patient they must start dialysis by law
4. DStop all care, because nothing more can be done