内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CKidney pain lasting more than a week
4. DA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery

左甲状腺素通常应如何服用？

1. A与包括牛奶和咖啡的丰盛早餐一起
2. B仅在感觉疲倦的日子服用
3. C空腹，在早餐前 30–60 分钟
4. D睡前，与钙片或铁片一起

最常用于估计肾功能的血液检查是什么？

1. A血清肌酐（eGFR）
2. BHbA1c（糖化血红蛋白）
3. C血清淀粉酶
4. D血清白蛋白

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
2. BOlder adults often show infection as confusion
3. CConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
4. DA UTI cannot occur in people over 80

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AAn oral anticoagulant
2. BA loop diuretic
3. CA proton pump inhibitor
4. DA beta-agonist inhaler

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. AHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
2. BPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
3. CInsulin acts as a strong painkiller
4. DNerve damage can blunt the pain signals

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
2. B密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压
3. C治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表
4. D夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内

A drowsy patient's glucose meter shows "HI". What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord "normal" in the notes because no number appears
2. BAssume the meter is broken and recheck tomorrow
3. CTreat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
4. DGive glucose gel in case the reading is wrong