内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10.5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
2. BA single episode of itching
3. CHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
4. DA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. AThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg
2. BBoth legs are weak with normal arms
3. CThe same side of the body is weak
4. DThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
3. CLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing
4. DPainless red urine with clots and weight loss

What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

1. ATo give the patient extra fluids
2. BTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
3. CTo treat a urinary infection after the operation
4. DTo measure the size of the bladder

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal
2. BUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
3. CAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
4. DRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
2. BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
3. CStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
4. DIV thrombolysis within 4.5 hours

一名肺癌合并 SIADH 的患者血钠 112 mmol/L，正在抽搐。最恰当的治疗是什么？

1. A在最初六小时内迅速纠正到 140 mmol/L
2. B在监护下使用高渗盐水，限制上升速度
3. C大量口服水以帮助稀释尿液
4. D以高速率静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖，直到抽搐停止

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. ARupture of the bladder from the catheter
2. BA rise in blood glucose from the urine
3. CA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
4. DFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis