内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets make?

1. ASomatostatin
2. BGlucagon
3. CAmylase
4. DInsulin

糖尿病酮症酸中毒时，通常首先给予哪种液体？

1. A静脉 50% 葡萄糖溶液
2. B静脉 0.9% 氯化钠
3. C口服含糖饮料和水
4. D静脉注射用灭菌水

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. ATaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril
3. CAddison's disease
4. DAdvanced chronic kidney disease

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
2. BThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible
3. CToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
4. DThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
2. BBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
3. CA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
4. DThe order of the two drugs makes no difference

哪个格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分通常提示患者可能无法保护自己的气道？

1. A13 分或以下
2. B11 分或以上
3. C8 分或以下
4. D15 分

At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?

1. ASay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine
2. BGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
3. CGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
4. DTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight

一名 CKD 患者血红蛋白 92 g/L，开始使用促红细胞生成刺激剂（ESA）。护士应监测什么？

1. A血糖，因为 ESA 常引起低血糖
2. B听力，因为 ESA 可损伤内耳
3. C肝酶，因为 ESA 对肝脏有毒性
4. D血压和血红蛋白，因为超过目标会增加血栓风险