内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?

1. AA lower risk of infections
2. BLow blood glucose
3. CThinning of the bones
4. DWeight loss and a slim face

急性肾损伤（AKI）是什么意思？

1. A数小时至数天内肾功能迅速下降
2. B肾结石但功能没有变化
3. C肾组织的细菌感染
4. D数年内肾功能缓慢、永久性丧失

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (8.5–10.5 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 0.7–1.0 mmol/L (2.8–4.0 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 1.0–1.5 mmol/L (4.0–6.0 mg/dL)

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AAvoiding large meals late in the evening
2. BRaising the head of the bed at night
3. CEating smaller, more frequent meals
4. DMagnesium-containing antacids

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ALie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
2. BBlow the nose often to clear any clots
3. CAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
4. DDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean

一名原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退的患者发热。关于类固醇替代治疗，通常的病日建议是什么？

1. A将剂量减半以减少副作用
2. B增加糖皮质激素剂量，常为加倍
3. C在发热消退前停用类固醇
4. D保持常规剂量，暂时避免多喝水

A patient's glucose is 6.2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo
2. BThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
3. CThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
4. DA large snack eaten in the night by mistake

一名 22 岁的 1 型糖尿病患者血糖 28 mmol/L，酮体 5.2 mmol/L，pH 7.10，血钾 5.9 mmol/L。关于钾，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A应暂停胰岛素以保持血钾稳定
2. B开始使用胰岛素后就无需再复查钾
3. C全身钾不足，治疗后血钾会下降
4. D全身钾过多，所以现在需要钾结合剂