内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪种类型的糖尿病最常与糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）相关？

1. A1 型糖尿病
2. B糖尿病前期
3. C尿崩症
4. D仅靠饮食控制的 2 型糖尿病

哪项表现是尿崩症的典型表现？

1. A液体潴留伴血清钠偏低
2. B血糖高，尿中有大量葡萄糖
3. C大量稀释尿和极度口渴
4. D少量高度浓缩的尿

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. AExcess thirst with a very high glucose
2. BItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite
3. CHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss
4. DSevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. AChange the catheter for a new one every day
2. BDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
3. CKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
4. DRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough the mouth (orogastric)
2. BThrough the nose with a guidewire
3. CThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
4. DThrough the nose (nasogastric)

关于静脉给予苯妥英，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A可以混入任何葡萄糖输液中
2. B应在几秒钟内快速推注
3. C不需要监测心律或血压
4. D用 0.9% 氯化钠稀释，并进行心电监护

A prescription reads "Insulin 10U". Why is this a safety problem?

1. AInsulin doses must always be written in millilitres
2. B"U" means the insulin must be given intravenously
3. CThere is no problem as long as the nurse can read it
4. D"U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose

A patient on IV gentamicin has a rising creatinine and a high trough level. What should the nurse do?

1. AHold the next dose and inform the prescriber
2. BGive the next dose early to clear the infection quickly
3. CEncourage more fluids and give the dose as planned
4. DStop measuring the drug levels