内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. AAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle
2. BDamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord
3. CCompression of a nerve root in the lower back
4. DLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

What is spinal shock?

1. AA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
2. BA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
3. CA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
4. DA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury

一名 C6 水平急性脊髓损伤患者，哪种表现提示神经源性休克？

1. A低血压、脉搏缓慢、皮肤温暖干燥
2. B血压正常、脉搏快、高热
3. C高血压、脉搏缓慢、剧烈头痛
4. D低血压、脉搏快、皮肤冰冷湿冷

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
2. BRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool
3. CUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
4. DA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal

A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?

1. ADry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
2. BWeight gain, high glucose and swollen ankles
3. CNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
4. DA persistent dry cough and a raised potassium

一名长期大剂量服用泼尼松龙的患者在肠道手术后第三天。他们只主诉轻度腹痛，但心率升至 115 次/分，体温 37.4 °C。为什么护士应特别担忧？

1. A类固醇使所有患者都出现心动过速，所以无需处理
2. B类固醇可预防感染，所以不太可能发生脓毒症
3. C类固醇可掩盖发热、疼痛和腹膜刺激征，隐藏并发症
4. D轻度疼痛说明肠道正在如预期般愈合

At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
2. BTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
3. CGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
4. DSay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine