内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
2. BTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
3. CTo help the new kidney make more urine each day
4. DTo keep the blood pressure low enough

Which substance do the kidneys release that helps raise blood pressure?

1. AThyroxine
2. BInsulin
3. CRenin
4. DBile

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt lowers blood glucose
2. BIt raises blood sodium
3. CIt raises blood calcium
4. DIt lowers blood potassium

为什么 CKD 患者常在餐时服用磷结合剂？

1. A它们增加肠道对食物中磷酸盐的吸收
2. B它们替代缺失的促红细胞生成素
3. C它们在肠道内结合钾，从而降低血钾
4. D它们结合肾脏无法排泄的食物磷酸盐

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. ABeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
2. BA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
3. CThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
4. DAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery

An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?

1. AChronic subdural haematoma
2. BNormal ageing with mild memory loss
3. CAcute extradural haematoma
4. DSubarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm

A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check my feet every day, using a mirror for the soles."
2. B"I will wear socks and shoes that fit well and do not rub."
3. C"I will check that the bath water is not too hot using my elbow."
4. D"I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."

A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?

1. A5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
2. B20% human albumin
3. C3% saline
4. D8.4% sodium bicarbonate