内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. APatients usually drink too much milk
2. BThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
3. CThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
4. DThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AFever, rigors and pain in the loin
2. BUrine that smells slightly stronger
3. CPassing urine more often at night only
4. DMild burning on passing urine only

疑似脊柱损伤的患者应如何翻身？

1. A由一个人抬着手臂和腿翻身
2. B让患者自己缓慢翻身
3. C由团队协作轴线翻身，保持脊柱对齐
4. D先转动肩部，再转动臀部

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ASkip a dose on days without any warning signs
2. BKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
3. CDrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
4. DAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors

Where is the zero point of an external ventricular drain usually levelled?

1. AAt the mid-axillary line of the chest
2. BAt the tragus of the ear
3. CAt the top of the head
4. DAt the level of the umbilicus

在 DKA 治疗期间，血糖降到约 14 mmol/L（约 250 mg/dL）以下，但酮体仍然升高。通常会怎么处理？

1. A立即停止胰岛素输注
2. B停止所有静脉输液以避免液体过多
3. C在液体中加入葡萄糖；继续使用胰岛素
4. D患者进餐，静脉治疗停止

A day after a total thyroidectomy, a patient has tingling lips, a positive Chvostek's sign and a corrected calcium of 1.85 mmol/L (about 7.4 mg/dL). What does the nurse expect?

1. AIV potassium chloride and a fluid restriction
2. BA loop diuretic to remove the extra calcium
3. COral levothyroxine, with a recheck of the calcium in a month
4. DIV calcium gluconate and monitoring for laryngospasm

A patient taking amiodarone has gained weight and feels tired and cold. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. AThyroid function tests
2. BSerum amylase and lipase levels
3. CBlood alcohol level
4. DSerum ferritin