内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken
2. BThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making
3. CThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only
4. DThe average blood glucose over about two to three months

对每名疑似卒中的患者都应尽早进行哪项简单检查，因为异常结果可以模拟卒中？

1. A尿试纸检测
2. B毛细血管血糖
3. C视力表
4. D呼气峰流速

SIADH（抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征）的主要实验室表现是什么？

1. A失水引起的血清钠升高
2. B胰岛素抵抗引起的血糖升高
3. C水潴留引起的血清钠降低
4. D肾脏丢失引起的血清钙降低

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
2. BThrough the nose with a guidewire
3. CThrough the nose (nasogastric)
4. DThrough the mouth (orogastric)

A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?

1. ALight pink urine on the first day after insertion
2. BDrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
3. CA dry, intact dressing at the site
4. DSteady urine drainage into the bag

Which signs suggest rejection of a kidney transplant?

1. ALess urine, a rising creatinine and a tender graft
2. BA rash on the face after sun exposure
3. CMore urine, a falling creatinine and weight loss
4. DA cough, wheeze and a runny nose with sneezing

一名长期大剂量服用泼尼松龙的患者在肠道手术后第三天。他们只主诉轻度腹痛，但心率升至 115 次/分，体温 37.4 °C。为什么护士应特别担忧？

1. A类固醇使所有患者都出现心动过速，所以无需处理
2. B类固醇可掩盖发热、疼痛和腹膜刺激征，隐藏并发症
3. C轻度疼痛说明肠道正在如预期般愈合
4. D类固醇可预防感染，所以不太可能发生脓毒症

A patient with stable epilepsy on phenytoin started a new medicine last week. They now have nystagmus, an unsteady gait and slurred speech. What should the nurse do?

1. ASuspect a new stroke and give aspirin straight away before any scan
2. BEncourage the patient to walk more to improve their balance
3. CSuspect phenytoin toxicity, hold the next dose and ask for a drug level
4. DGive the next phenytoin dose early to prevent a seizure