内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪些特征是 Addison 病（原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退）的典型表现？

1. A血钠高、血钾低
2. B体重增加、高血压和紫色妊娠纹样条纹
3. C怕热、震颤和眼球突出
4. D疲乏、体重减轻、低血压和皮肤变黑

What is sciatica?

1. AStiffness of the hips in the morning
2. BPain in the front of the knee caused by arthritis
3. CCramp in the calf muscle after exercise, caused by low potassium levels
4. DPain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root

What is the most common cause of dementia?

1. AAlzheimer's disease
2. BMultiple sclerosis
3. CHuntington's disease
4. DParkinson's disease

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
2. BThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
3. CThis proves a serious kidney infection
4. DThis is a sign that the stoma is dying

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
2. BReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
3. CGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
4. DDysarthria from facial weakness

Several hours after a carotid endarterectomy, which finding needs the most urgent action?

1. AAn expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing
2. BA blood pressure slightly above the baseline
3. CA small amount of dried blood on the dressing
4. DMild pain at the incision site

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
2. BHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction
3. CA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief
4. DAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids

A patient taking amiodarone has gained weight and feels tired and cold. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. ASerum ferritin
2. BSerum amylase and lipase levels
3. CThyroid function tests
4. DBlood alcohol level