内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AFlattened T waves
2. BA shortened PR interval
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DProminent U waves

全面性强直–阵挛发作期间，正确的急救措施是什么？

1. A垫住头部、记录发作时间，口中不放任何东西
2. B用力按住手臂和腿，直到抽搐停止
3. C尽快把勺子或塑料通气道放在牙齿之间
4. D让患者坐起并喂少量水以防呛咳

最常用于估计肾功能的血液检查是什么？

1. A血清白蛋白
2. BHbA1c（糖化血红蛋白）
3. C血清肌酐（eGFR）
4. D血清淀粉酶

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6.4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive oral potassium supplements straight away
2. BInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample
3. CIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
4. DStart dialysis as soon as possible

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange
2. BIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
3. CIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
4. DIt must be taken only once a week

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAt a full dose from the first day
2. BAt a low dose, increased slowly
3. CAs a single large weekly injection
4. DOnly after the angina has been cured

一名老年男性 10 小时未排尿，下腹疼痛，膀胱扫描为 1100 mL。肌酐已升高。最可能的原因和处理是什么？

1. A造影剂肾病；今天安排紧急血液透析
2. B尿潴留；遵医嘱导尿，并观察是否出现大量利尿
3. C尿崩症；给予去氨加压素并限制液体
4. D脱水；给予补液，明天复查肌酐

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. AOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
2. BAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
3. CNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
4. DUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further