内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

In dialysis care, what does "dry weight" mean?

1. AThe weight of the patient's clothes
2. BThe weight without excess fluid in the body
3. CThe weight after the patient has drunk nothing for a day
4. DThe weight measured with an empty bladder

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. AA very low blood urea level
2. BBlood in the urine that is visible
3. CSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
4. DPain felt in both kidneys at night

在有血液透析内瘘的手臂上，必须避免哪项操作？

1. A正常活动手臂
2. B用肥皂和水清洗
3. C测血压袖带或抽血
4. D轻轻触摸内瘘以感受震颤

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
2. BSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
3. CThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
4. DStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure

为什么在 DKA 静脉输注胰岛素时必须密切监测钾？

1. A在 DKA 中胰岛素对钾没有影响
2. B胰岛素使肾脏潴留钾，因此血钾会上升
3. C胰岛素在血液中分解钾
4. D胰岛素使钾进入细胞，因此血钾可能迅速下降

Which signs suggest rejection of a kidney transplant?

1. ALess urine, a rising creatinine and a tender graft
2. BA rash on the face after sun exposure
3. CMore urine, a falling creatinine and weight loss
4. DA cough, wheeze and a runny nose with sneezing

A patient with SIADH is taught about a fluid restriction. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will report any headaches or confusion."
2. B"I will weigh myself every morning."
3. C"I will count all drinks, including soup, in my daily total."
4. D"If I feel thirsty, I can drink as much water as I like."

A patient's corrected calcium is 1.7 mmol/L (about 6.8 mg/dL). Which ECG change is most typical?

1. AA shortened QT interval
2. BST elevation in all leads
3. CA prolonged QT interval
4. DTall, peaked T waves