内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

为什么许多慢性肾脏病患者会发生贫血？

1. A透析会从血液中清除铁
2. B肾脏破坏红细胞
3. C每天都有血液随尿丢失
4. D肾脏产生的促红细胞生成素减少

Which cranial nerve makes the pupil constrict in response to light?

1. AAbducens nerve (VI)
2. BOptic nerve (II) alone
3. COculomotor nerve (III)
4. DTrochlear nerve (IV)

What is the main action of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

1. AIt makes the kidneys reabsorb water
2. BIt makes the kidneys pass more glucose
3. CIt makes the kidneys pass more water
4. DIt makes the kidneys keep potassium

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThis proves a serious kidney infection
2. BThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
3. CThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
4. DThis is a sign that the stoma is dying

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BBulk-forming laxatives
3. CPenicillin antibiotics
4. DSSRI antidepressants

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. ABetter in the morning and worse with stress
2. BA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
3. CWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
4. DOnly present after reading for a long time

A patient with motor neurone disease reports morning headaches, poor sleep and sleepiness during the day. What do these symptoms suggest?

1. ALow mood, which should be treated with an antidepressant first
2. BA side effect of riluzole, which should be stopped straight away by the nurse
3. CNormal tiredness that needs no specific action
4. DWeak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AReassure him, because the blood has stopped
2. BAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
3. CAdvise more fluids and review in a year
4. DUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging