内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. ADiffuse axonal injury
2. BChronic subdural haematoma
3. CConcussion
4. DExtradural haematoma

在同一支注射器里混合短效胰岛素和中效（NPH，浑浊）胰岛素时，应先抽取哪种？

1. A先抽浑浊的胰岛素，再抽澄清的短效胰岛素
2. B先抽澄清的短效胰岛素，再抽浑浊的胰岛素
3. C先在一个药瓶里混合，再一起抽取
4. D顺序都可以，没有区别

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. AThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm
2. BThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg
3. CBoth legs are weak with normal arms
4. DThe same side of the body is weak

A patient with a spinal cord injury can still feel a light touch around the anus. What does this show?

1. AThe injury is incomplete, which suggests a better chance of recovery
2. BThe sensation is only a spinal reflex and has no real meaning for recovery
3. CThe injury is complete, and recovery is not possible
4. DThe patient has an injury of the brain, not the cord

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
2. BPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
3. CStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
4. DDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AAn oral anticoagulant
2. BA proton pump inhibitor
3. CA beta-agonist inhaler
4. DA loop diuretic

一名 CKD 患者血红蛋白 92 g/L，开始使用促红细胞生成刺激剂（ESA）。护士应监测什么？

1. A听力，因为 ESA 可损伤内耳
2. B血糖，因为 ESA 常引起低血糖
3. C肝酶，因为 ESA 对肝脏有毒性
4. D血压和血红蛋白，因为超过目标会增加血栓风险

The day after a lumbar puncture, a patient has a headache that is severe when standing and almost gone when lying flat. Temperature and neck movement are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABacterial meningitis from the procedure
2. BPost-dural puncture headache
3. CA subarachnoid haemorrhage
4. DA migraine triggered by stress