内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. AThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm
2. BThe same side of the body is weak
3. CBoth legs are weak with normal arms
4. DThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg

为什么卒中溶栓前必须先做头部 CT 扫描？

1. A查看患者是否同时有颅骨骨折
2. B排除出血，因为溶栓会使出血加重
3. C检查患者以前是否发生过卒中
4. D测量症状已开始多长时间

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ATaking too much insulin
2. BNot drinking enough water
3. CDrinking too much water
4. DEating too much fruit

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
2. BWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
3. CLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
4. DWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. ANormal movement but complete loss of position sense
2. BWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side
3. CLoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
4. DArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury

服用葡萄糖片十五分钟后，一名患者的血糖从 3.2 升至 5.1 mmol/L。下一餐在两小时后。接下来应怎么做？

1. A立即给予常规剂量的速效胰岛素
2. B再给一次葡萄糖片，使血糖升得更高
3. C给予作用更持久的碳水化合物点心，如三明治
4. D在稍后供应下一餐前不需要进一步处理

The nurse has four patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in two hours
2. BA patient on insulin for DKA whose potassium is now 2.9 mmol/L
3. CA patient with stable CKD waiting for a renal diet review
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism asking when to take levothyroxine

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
2. B"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."
3. C"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."
4. D"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."