内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is sciatica?

1. APain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root
2. BPain in the front of the knee caused by arthritis
3. CStiffness of the hips in the morning
4. DCramp in the calf muscle after exercise, caused by low potassium levels

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMeningococcal septicaemia
2. BAn allergic reaction to soap
3. CA simple viral skin rash
4. DHeat rash from a high temperature

What is spinal shock?

1. AA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
2. BA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
3. CA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
4. DA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma

关于高渗高血糖状态（HHS），下列哪项说法正确？

1. A总是引起血酮升高和严重代谢性酸中毒
2. B主要见于 1 型糖尿病幼儿
3. C主要影响老年 2 型糖尿病患者，数天内发展
4. D数分钟内发生，比 DKA 危险性小

During continuous bladder irrigation, 3200 mL drains out in a shift. 2500 mL of irrigation fluid was put in. What is the true urine output?

1. A3200 mL
2. B5700 mL
3. C700 mL
4. D2500 mL

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. AInsulin acts as a strong painkiller
2. BPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
3. CHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
4. DNerve damage can blunt the pain signals

A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
2. BGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
3. CLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
4. DStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs

血液透析期间，一名患者血压降至 80/50 mmHg，感到头晕恶心。最恰当的首要护理措施是什么？

1. A提高超滤速度，使透析更早结束
2. B让患者平躺，减少超滤，并寻求帮助
3. C让患者坐直，并鼓励短距离行走
4. D立即给予患者平时的降压药剂量