内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
2. BWomen have more bacteria in their blood
3. CWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's
4. DWomen drink more fluids than men do each day

Why are patients with a spinal cord injury at very high risk of pressure injuries?

1. ATheir blood sugar is always very high, which damages the skin
2. BThey cannot feel or move the body below the injury
3. CTheir skin is thinner than other people's skin
4. DThey usually have a high fever for many weeks

Which equipment should be ready at the bedside of a patient on seizure precautions?

1. AWrist restraints to stop the limbs jerking
2. BA tongue depressor to place between the teeth
3. CA urinary catheter in case of incontinence
4. DWorking suction and oxygen

头部受伤后，一名患者鼻子里滴出清亮液体。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A单纯感冒或花粉症发作
2. B颅骨骨折引起的脑脊液漏
3. C对 CT 造影剂过敏
4. D哭泣后产生的正常黏液

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo catch the stone so it can be analysed
2. BTo measure the urine volume more accurately
3. CTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
4. DTo remove blood clots before testing

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. ADiarrhoea and heavy sweating
2. BWeight loss and a fast tremor
3. CA cough and a raised potassium
4. DDry mouth and constipation

一名患者的慢性低钠血症在 24 小时内从 115 纠正到 132 mmol/L。两天后他们出现言语含糊、吞咽困难和肢体无力。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A渗透性脱髓鞘综合征
2. B低钠血症的正常恢复
3. C与血钠无关的新发卒中
4. D摄入不足引起的低血糖

Four patients had a minor head injury with no loss of consciousness and a GCS of 15. Which one most needs a CT scan of the head?

1. AA 40-year-old with a mild headache that is improving
2. BA 30-year-old who bumped their head on a cupboard door
3. CA 78-year-old who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation
4. DA 25-year-old with a small scalp graze after a fall