内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

急性肾损伤（AKI）是什么意思？

1. A数年内肾功能缓慢、永久性丧失
2. B数小时至数天内肾功能迅速下降
3. C肾组织的细菌感染
4. D肾结石但功能没有变化

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the pancreas release more insulin
2. BThey replace insulin that the body lacks
3. CThey slow down the absorption of food
4. DThey make the kidneys pass more glucose

A patient with advanced CKD has a high potassium. Which foods are often limited?

1. AWhite rice, pasta and bread
2. BBananas, potatoes and oranges
3. CEgg whites, chicken and fish
4. DApples, berries and cabbage

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
2. BA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal
3. CUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
4. DRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool

血液透析的哪种并发症会引起头痛、恶心、烦躁，有时还有惊厥，尤其是在最初几次透析中？

1. A通过管路发生的静脉空气栓塞
2. B细菌性腹膜炎
3. C透析失衡综合征
4. D透析液引起的低血糖

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
2. BWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
3. CStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
4. DStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone

A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?

1. AAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine
2. BAn NSAID such as diclofenac
3. CA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
4. DOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. AA rise in blood glucose from the urine
2. BRupture of the bladder from the catheter
3. CA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
4. DFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis