内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

癫痫发作期间，最有用的记录内容是什么？

1. A整个过程中每分钟的血压
2. B仅在结束时记录体温
3. C患者最后一次进食的时间
4. D开始和结束的时间，以及发作的表现

Which side effect is linked to SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?

1. AHair loss
2. BOrange urine
3. CGenital fungal infections
4. DOvergrowth of the gums

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
2. BLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
3. CWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist
4. DUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAt a full dose from the first day
2. BAt a low dose, increased slowly
3. COnly after the angina has been cured
4. DAs a single large weekly injection

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. APress firmly on the site with clean gauze
2. BRaise the arm and let it bleed freely
3. CApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
4. DWait for the next dialysis session

为什么 CKD 患者常在餐时服用磷结合剂？

1. A它们替代缺失的促红细胞生成素
2. B它们在肠道内结合钾，从而降低血钾
3. C它们结合肾脏无法排泄的食物磷酸盐
4. D它们增加肠道对食物中磷酸盐的吸收

凌晨 03:00 一名患者的血糖为 3.6 mmol/L，但早餐前血糖偏高。该患者晚上使用长效胰岛素。护士应怎么做？

1. A处理低血糖，并报告这一规律，以便复核晚间剂量
2. B永久停用所有胰岛素，并每四小时监测血糖
3. C03:00 额外给胰岛素，因为早晨的数值会偏高
4. D忽略夜间读数，只根据早晨的数值处理

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
2. BThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
3. CThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
4. DFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises