内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. APassing urine more often at night only
2. BMild burning on passing urine only
3. CFever, rigors and pain in the loin
4. DUrine that smells slightly stronger

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10.5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
2. BA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms
3. CA single episode of itching
4. DHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

1. ABattle's sign
2. BKernig's sign
3. CChvostek's sign
4. DTrousseau's sign

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ABulk-forming laxatives
2. BSSRI antidepressants
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DPenicillin antibiotics

哪种电解质模式是 Addison 病的典型表现？

1. A低钠高钾
2. B低钾低糖
3. C高钠低钾
4. D高钙低磷

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AA proton pump inhibitor
2. BA loop diuretic
3. CA beta-agonist inhaler
4. DAn oral anticoagulant

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
2. BIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
3. CTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
4. DExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand

一次癫痫发作已持续 12 分钟。已给予两剂苯二氮䓬类药物，发作仍在继续。气道和氧气已处理。常用方案的下一步是什么？

1. A二线静脉药物，如左乙拉西坦或苯妥英
2. B患者能吞咽后给予口服抗癫痫药片
3. C再等 30 分钟看发作是否停止
4. D每两分钟给第三、第四剂苯二氮䓬类药物