内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

在同一支注射器里混合短效胰岛素和中效（NPH，浑浊）胰岛素时，应先抽取哪种？

1. A先抽澄清的短效胰岛素，再抽浑浊的胰岛素
2. B顺序都可以，没有区别
3. C先在一个药瓶里混合，再一起抽取
4. D先抽浑浊的胰岛素，再抽澄清的短效胰岛素

在有血液透析内瘘的手臂上，必须避免哪项操作？

1. A正常活动手臂
2. B用肥皂和水清洗
3. C测血压袖带或抽血
4. D轻轻触摸内瘘以感受震颤

Which symptoms are typical early warning signs of hypoglycaemia?

1. AShaking, sweating, hunger and a fast heartbeat
2. BDeep, rapid breathing with a fruity breath smell
3. CSlow pulse, constipation and feeling cold
4. DThirst, dry skin and passing a lot of urine

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
2. BStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
3. CDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
4. DPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAs a single large weekly injection
2. BAt a low dose, increased slowly
3. CAt a full dose from the first day
4. DOnly after the angina has been cured

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it
2. BInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine
3. CInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium
4. DInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo

Graves 病患者术后体温 39.8 °C，心率 160 次/分，躁动并呕吐。哪一组治疗最恰当？

1. A限制液体和使用袢利尿剂治疗心动过速
2. B用阿司匹林退热，一周内由全科医生复诊
3. C降温、β 受体阻滞剂、抗甲状腺药物，然后用碘和类固醇
4. D左甲状腺素和保暖毯，以缓解寒战

A patient with Parkinson's disease is nil by mouth after abdominal surgery. Their levodopa is due. What is the best action?

1. AGive double the dose once eating restarts
2. BContact the prescriber or pharmacist about another route
3. CGive the tablets with a sip of water anyway
4. DOmit the dose until the patient can swallow again