精神科护理练习卷（附答案）

In behaviour therapy, what is negative reinforcement?

1. APunishing a behaviour with an unpleasant consequence so that it becomes less likely
2. BTaking away something unpleasant after a behaviour, which makes it more likely
3. CIgnoring a behaviour so that it slowly disappears over time
4. DAdding a reward after a behaviour so that it happens more often

一名患者说话很快，从一个话题跳到另一个话题，每个想法与前一个想法之间有松散的联系。这称为什么？

1. A持续言语
2. B思维阻滞
3. C言语贫乏
4. D思维奔逸

What is the main purpose of a debriefing after a physical restraint incident?

1. ATo punish the patient for the behaviour that led to the restraint
2. BTo agree how to avoid recording the incident in the patient's records so that the ward is not criticised
3. CTo review what happened, support those involved and learn how to prevent future restraint
4. DTo decide which staff member should be blamed for the incident

对服用锂盐的患者，应给予哪些关于盐和液体的建议？

1. A尽量少喝水
2. B保持稳定、正常的盐摄入，并摄入足够的液体，尤其是在炎热天气或生病时
3. C每天服用盐片
4. D严格低盐饮食，并尽量少喝水，尤其是在炎热天气

Which treatment is recommended first-line for chronic insomnia in adults?

1. ACognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
2. BLong-term daily benzodiazepines
3. CDrinking alcohol in the evening to fall asleep
4. DStaying in bed for longer each morning

A patient taking sertraline wants to take ibuprofen regularly for arthritis. What should the nurse teach?

1. AThe combination is completely safe because they act on different systems
2. BThe combination increases the risk of bleeding, especially in the stomach, so discuss it with the prescriber
3. CIbuprofen will make the sertraline work faster
4. DIbuprofen should be taken instead of sertraline on the days when the arthritis pain is bad, to avoid any interaction

A man with gambling disorder has lost his savings and has large debts. He tells the nurse, "My family would be better off without me." What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure him that his family will forgive him
2. BChange the subject to his gambling triggers and how to avoid the betting shop
3. CFocus only on helping him create a budget
4. DAsk directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk

A patient with depression answers every question with one or two words and looks at the floor. Which approach is most helpful?

1. AEncourage him to cheer up and think about the good things in his life
2. BUse simple statements, allow extra time for answers and stay with the patient even in silence
3. CEnd the conversation quickly, because the patient clearly does not want to talk
4. DAsk several open questions in quick succession to keep the conversation going