精神科护理练习卷（附答案）

In behaviour therapy, what is positive reinforcement?

1. AIgnoring all of the patient's behaviour so that the patient learns to cope alone without staff
2. BAdding a reward after a behaviour so that the behaviour becomes more likely
3. CRemoving a reward so that a behaviour becomes less likely
4. DAdding an unpleasant consequence so that a behaviour stops

Which measure has good evidence for reducing suicide deaths?

1. AAsking the patient to sign a no-suicide contract
2. BAvoiding the topic of suicide completely with people at risk
3. CGiving the patient a large supply of medicine at discharge so that they do not run out and stop treatment
4. DRestricting access to lethal means, such as firearms or large supplies of medicines

How does naltrexone help people with alcohol dependence?

1. AIt blocks opioid receptors and reduces the craving and pleasure from drinking
2. BIt replaces alcohol in the brain and prevents withdrawal seizures
3. CIt causes vomiting and flushing if the person drinks alcohol
4. DIt speeds up the breakdown of alcohol in the liver so that the person never feels drunk

A woman was assaulted 10 days ago. She has nightmares, avoids the area and feels detached. According to DSM-5, which diagnosis fits the timing best?

1. AAcute stress disorder
2. BAdjustment disorder with anxiety
3. CPost-traumatic stress disorder
4. DGeneralised anxiety disorder

哪个因素是未来自杀的最强预测因素之一？

1. A有稳定的工作
2. B既往自杀未遂
3. C有坚定的宗教信仰
4. D已婚

一名因双相障碍服用拉莫三嗪的患者出现新的皮疹。护士应怎么做？

1. A涂抹润肤剂，并照常继续用药，因为皮疹很常见
2. B将剂量加倍
3. C忽略，因为皮疹总是无害的
4. D及时上报，因为这可能是严重皮肤反应的开始

一名精神分裂症患者拒绝服用抗精神病药，说它让他觉得迟钝。最佳的初始回应是什么？

1. A把药藏在他的食物里
2. B了解他的原因和副作用，并告知团队，以便复核治疗
3. C告诉他，如果他不口服药片，就会被约束并注射
4. D记录“拒绝”，以后再也不讨论

A patient who was admitted after a serious suicide attempt says, "I'm angry they saved me. Next time I'll do it properly." What should the nurse do?

1. AChange the subject to something more positive, such as his family and his plans for after discharge
2. BTell him that he should be grateful to be alive and think about how his family would feel
3. CMaintain close observation, report the statement and reassess the risk with the team
4. DReduce observation because he is talking openly about his feelings