护理学基础练习卷（附答案）

What does "PO" mean on a prescription?

1. ABy mouth
2. BInto the rectum
3. CBy injection
4. DOnto the skin

In UK healthcare, what does the duty of candour require?

1. AReporting errors only when the patient makes a complaint
2. BOnly telling patients about errors if they ask directly
3. CBeing open and honest with patients when something goes wrong in their care
4. DKeeping all mistakes private within the nursing team to avoid upsetting patients

Why is a tourniquet used when taking blood from a vein?

1. AIt prevents bruising after the test
2. BIt stops the patient feeling the needle
3. CIt makes the veins fill and easier to find
4. DIt sterilises the skin over the vein

Which approach suits teaching an older adult with poor eyesight and mild memory problems?

1. AA detailed leaflet in small print for them to read later at home
2. BTeaching only the family and not the patient
3. CShort sessions, large-print materials and repeating key points
4. DOne long session with all the information at once

Which of these is part of the UK "Sepsis Six"?

1. AWaiting for a chest X-ray before antibiotics
2. BGiving a sedative
3. CRestricting IV fluids
4. DMeasuring urine output

On the first step of the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs are used?

1. AWeak opioids only, such as codeine
2. BStrong opioids such as morphine
3. CNon-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
4. DGeneral anaesthetic drugs given in low doses

Which statement by a visitor shows a need for further teaching about contact precautions?

1. A"I'll put on the gown and gloves before I go in."
2. B"I'll clean my hands as I leave the room."
3. C"I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
4. D"I'll take off the gown and gloves before I leave the room."

一名老年患者术后第二天夜间突然出现意识混乱和躁动。首要任务是什么？

1. A给予镇静剂，早上再复查
2. B把患者约束在床上
3. C认为是新发痴呆，计划转入养老院
4. D寻找并治疗潜在原因，如感染、疼痛、尿潴留、便秘或药物