护理学基础练习卷（附答案）

护理程序的第一步是什么？

1. A实施
2. B评价
3. C评估
4. D计划

什么是水肿？

1. A组织中液体过多引起的肿胀
2. B由感染引起的皮肤发红和发热
3. C皮下瘀青
4. D干燥脱屑的皮肤

"手卫生五个时刻"中，哪一个是在接触患者之前？

1. A接触患者前
2. B仅在无菌操作前
3. C仅在可能接触体液后
4. D仅在接触患者周围环境后

Which part of the stethoscope is best for hearing low-pitched sounds such as some heart murmurs?

1. AThe diaphragm, pressed firmly on the skin
2. BThe earpieces turned backwards
3. CThe bell, pressed firmly on the skin
4. DThe bell, placed lightly on the skin

Why should reddened skin over a bony area not be massaged?

1. AMassage is only allowed when done by a physiotherapist
2. BMassage can damage the deeper tissues further
3. CMassage makes the redness spread to other areas
4. DMassage hides early signs of infection

Why is high-flow oxygen often humidified?

1. ATo add medicine to the oxygen
2. BTo stop the airways and secretions from drying out
3. CTo cool the patient's temperature
4. DTo make the oxygen more concentrated before it reaches the lungs

A patient receiving chemotherapy develops a temperature of 38.3 °C. Why is this treated as an emergency?

1. AThey may have neutropenic sepsis, which can quickly become fatal
2. BA fever shows the cancer has spread
3. CThe fever means the chemotherapy has stopped working on the cancer
4. DChemotherapy always causes a fever that needs no action

一名现已缺乏决策能力的患者曾作出一项有效且适用的预先决定，拒绝某种特定的维持生命治疗。工作人员应该怎么做（英格兰和威尔士）？

1. A不予理会，因为只有口头意愿才算数
2. B请家属推翻该决定
3. C遵循该预先决定，不给予该治疗
4. D给予该治疗，因为患者现在无法作决定