儿科护理练习卷（附答案）

How should an infant with gastro-oesophageal reflux be placed to sleep?

1. AOn the left side, wedged with pillows
2. BOn the back, as for all babies
3. COn the tummy to reduce reflux
4. DSitting up in a car seat all night

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes in children?

1. AA lack of glucagon from the alpha cells of the pancreas
2. BAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells
3. CInsulin resistance caused mainly by obesity and inactivity
4. DToo much insulin being produced by an overactive pancreas

Which drug is used to keep the ductus arteriosus open in a newborn with a duct-dependent heart defect?

1. AFurosemide
2. BIntravenous indomethacin
3. CDigoxin
4. DProstaglandin E1

A newborn is still wet a few minutes after birth. Which heat-loss mechanism is the main concern, and how is it prevented?

1. AConvection; leave the baby uncovered in a draught
2. BRadiation; move the cot close to an outside window
3. CEvaporation; dry the baby straight away, including the head
4. DConduction; place the baby on a cold firm surface

In a large ventricular septal defect, in which direction does blood mainly flow through the defect?

1. AFrom the aorta into the pulmonary veins
2. BFrom left to right, increasing blood flow to the lungs
3. CThere is no flow at all, because the pressures in both ventricles are always equal
4. DFrom right to left, causing cyanosis from birth

Which instruction about giving oral liquid iron to a child is correct?

1. AGive it with a syringe or straw towards the back of the mouth; dark stools are expected
2. BGive it together with an antacid to protect the stomach
3. CGive it mixed in a full bottle of milk to reduce stomach upset
4. DStop the iron straight away if the stools turn dark green or black, as this means bleeding

Which newborn should the nurse assess first?

1. AA 1-day-old with tiny white spots (milia) on the nose
2. BA 3-day-old with mild facial jaundice who is feeding well
3. CA 2-hour-old with grunting, nasal flaring and a respiratory rate of 74/min
4. DA 1-day-old with bluish hands and feet but pink lips and trunk

A boy with haemophilia A bumps his head hard on a table. He seems well. What should the nurse advise?

1. ANo action is needed, because head bleeds are rare in haemophilia
2. BGive aspirin for the pain and apply ice to the bump
3. CSeek urgent care, as factor replacement may be needed before symptoms appear
4. DWatch him at home for a week and bring him in only if he vomits or has a headache