儿科护理练习卷（附答案）

Which supplement, taken before conception and in early pregnancy, reduces the risk of spina bifida?

1. AVitamin C
2. BCalcium carbonate
3. CIron
4. DFolic acid

Why are children with spina bifida often cared for with latex-free equipment?

1. AThey have a high risk of latex allergy
2. BLatex particles can block the shunt in the brain
3. CLatex causes neural tube defects
4. DLatex damages the skin over the spine

Which finding inside the mouth is typical of early measles?

1. AKoplik spots: small white spots on the inside of the cheeks
2. BA thick white coating on the tongue and cheeks that can be wiped off
3. CPainful blisters on the tongue, gums and palate
4. DA bright red "strawberry" tongue with large papillae

What is the purpose of grommets (tympanostomy tubes) in a child with repeated middle ear problems?

1. ATo ventilate the middle ear and let fluid drain
2. BTo replace the damaged eardrum permanently
3. CTo widen the outer ear canal and reduce the build-up of wax
4. DTo give antibiotics directly into the inner ear

哪种来源是幼儿铅中毒的常见原因？

1. A健康、营养良好的母亲的母乳
2. B旧房子中剥落的旧油漆和灰尘
3. C去年生产的塑料玩具
4. D新鲜水果

What is the main purpose of medical play with a doll and real equipment before surgery?

1. ATo teach the child how the surgeons will do the operation
2. BTo test the child's intelligence
3. CTo let the child express fears and gain a sense of control
4. DTo keep the child busy so the nurse can do other work

A 15-year-old with cystic fibrosis has stopped doing her daily physiotherapy. What is the best approach?

1. AExplore her reasons and plan treatment with her that fits her daily life
2. BStop the physiotherapy, since she does not want it
3. CTell her parents to supervise every session until she is 18
4. DWarn her firmly that she will die soon if she does not do what she is told

在糖尿病酮症酸中毒的治疗期间，一名 9 岁儿童变得易激惹，诉头痛，随后变得嗜睡。护士应怀疑什么？

1. A脑水肿，属于急症
2. B治疗后的正常疲倦
3. C孩子饿了
4. D输液引起的低血糖