儿科护理练习卷（附答案）

Which is the most common congenital heart defect?

1. ACoarctation of the aorta
2. BVentricular septal defect
3. CTransposition of the great arteries
4. DTetralogy of Fallot

Why are infants and young children more likely than adults to get middle ear infections (otitis media)?

1. ATheir Eustachian tubes are shorter, wider and more horizontal
2. BTheir eardrums are thicker and cannot move with pressure changes
3. CTheir ear canals are longer and narrower than those of adults
4. DThey make more earwax, which traps bacteria in the middle ear

哪项原则是以家庭为中心的护理的核心？

1. A限制探视以便孩子休息
2. B在所有操作期间父母都应离开
3. C父母和家人是儿童护理中的合作伙伴
4. D只有医护人员对儿童的护理和治疗做决定

Which advice about screen use reflects common paediatric guidance for children under about 18 months?

1. AUp to 2 hours a day of educational TV programmes is beneficial for language
2. BBackground TV helps language development
3. CScreens are fine as long as the volume is low
4. DAvoid screen media, apart from video calls with family

In a large ventricular septal defect, in which direction does blood mainly flow through the defect?

1. AFrom right to left, causing cyanosis from birth
2. BFrom the aorta into the pulmonary veins
3. CFrom left to right, increasing blood flow to the lungs
4. DThere is no flow at all, because the pressures in both ventricles are always equal

A 20-month-old drinks about 1.5 litres of cow's milk a day and eats little solid food. He is pale and tired. What is the most likely problem?

1. ALactose intolerance
2. BSickle cell disease
3. CVitamin B12 deficiency
4. DIron-deficiency anaemia

An infant with a large VSD now breathes faster, sweats during feeds and has gained 300 g overnight with puffy eyelids. What does this most likely indicate?

1. ADehydration due to sweating during feeds
2. BWorsening heart failure with fluid retention
3. CAn allergic reaction to the new high-energy formula started yesterday
4. DGood growth thanks to improved feeding

一名 15 岁女孩要求护士对她的父母保密她的性活动。没有虐待的迹象，也没有严重伤害的风险。最恰当的回应是什么？

1. A立即告诉她的父母
2. B承诺无论她将来透露什么，她所说的话都绝不会告诉任何人
3. C尊重她的保密要求，提供信息，并说明在什么情况下必须分享信息
4. D拒绝讨论，直到她的父母在场