儿科护理练习卷（附答案）

What causes respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies?

1. AA lack of surfactant in the immature lungs
2. BAn allergy to the oxygen used in the incubator
3. CInhaling meconium-stained fluid during birth
4. DA viral infection caught from the mother

Why is vitamin K given to newborns shortly after birth?

1. ATo prevent bacterial eye infection after birth
2. BTo prevent jaundice in the first week of life
3. CTo protect against hepatitis B infection
4. DTo prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding

What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?

1. AA single gene inherited from both carrier parents
2. BAn extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)
3. CInfection with rubella in early pregnancy
4. DA missing X chromosome in a girl

一名呼吸窘迫的儿童出现心动过缓。这意味着什么？

1. A严重缺氧以及可能即将发生心脏骤停的征象
2. B孩子正在恢复并平静下来
3. C氧疗的副作用
4. D睡眠时的正常反应

A 2-year-old says "No!" when it is time for his liquid medicine. What is the best approach?

1. AAsk him whether he wants to take his medicine or not
2. BOffer a limited choice, such as the cup or the syringe
3. CTell him he is a bad boy for refusing
4. DWait until he agrees to take it, even if the dose is hours late

Which activity best supports a 9-year-old during a long hospital stay?

1. AWatching television alone for most of the day
2. BSchoolwork and contact with classmates, plus games or hobbies
3. CPlaying with baby toys in the toddler playroom with younger children
4. DStaying in bed with no visitors to rest

一名囊性纤维化患儿排出量多、油腻、恶臭的大便，尽管食欲良好但体重不增。这最可能说明什么？

1. A孩子吃了过多脂肪，所以应从饮食中去除所有脂肪
2. B脂肪吸收不良；需要复查胰酶的剂量或服用时间
3. C肺部正在好转的征象
4. D正常表现，无需处理

A newborn becomes deeply cyanotic within hours of birth and does not improve with oxygen. A prostaglandin infusion is started. What is its purpose?

1. ATo close the ductus arteriosus and send all blood through the lungs
2. BTo strengthen heart muscle contraction and raise blood pressure
3. CTo keep the ductus arteriosus open so that the two circulations can mix
4. DTo dilate the airways so that oxygen can reach the alveoli