药理学练习卷（附答案）

What is an "adjuvant analgesic"?

1. AA drug for another condition that also relieves some pain
2. BA strong opioid used only for severe pain at the end of life
3. CA drug that reverses the effects of opioids
4. DA placebo given to test whether pain is real

Clomifene is used mainly to:

1. ATreat menopausal hot flushes and night sweats
2. BPrevent pregnancy
3. CInduce ovulation in women with infertility
4. DStop postpartum bleeding

哪种药物是过敏性休克的一线治疗？

1. A口服泼尼松龙
2. B吸入沙丁胺醇
3. C口服抗组胺药
4. D肌内注射肾上腺素

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
2. BWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
3. COnly when heartburn is severe
4. DStraight after a large evening meal

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AHearing tests and vision tests every month
2. BWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
3. CINR and platelet count
4. DPeak expiratory flow

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
2. BA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
3. CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
4. DAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once

为什么 β 受体阻滞剂可能掩盖糖尿病患者的低血糖预警症状？

1. A它们减弱震颤、心悸等肾上腺素能症状
2. B它们完全阻断胰岛素释放
3. C它们引起发热，掩盖出汗
4. D它们升高血糖，因此完全不会发生低血糖

一种半衰期短的药物以远长于其半衰期的给药间隔给药。达到稳态时结果如何？

1. A逐渐蓄积到中毒浓度
2. B峰浓度和谷浓度之间波动很大
3. C浓度非常稳定，几乎没有波动
4. D永远达不到稳态