药理学练习卷（附答案）

抗生素对什么有效？

1. A病毒
2. B过敏反应
3. C所有微生物同样有效
4. D细菌

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate
2. BTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour
3. CTo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
4. DTo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate

Venlafaxine belongs to which class of antidepressants?

1. ATricyclic antidepressants
2. BSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
3. CSerotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
4. DMonoamine oxidase inhibitors

A patient takes isoniazid. Which advice is most important?

1. AAvoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
2. BExpect the urine to turn orange
3. CTake it with antacids to protect the stomach from irritation
4. DStop the drug when the cough improves

Why is a progestogen added to oestrogen in hormone replacement therapy for a woman who still has her uterus?

1. ATo prevent breast cancer completely
2. BTo reduce hot flushes much more than oestrogen alone can
3. CTo lower the risk of blood clots to zero
4. DTo protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
2. BA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
3. CAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
4. DAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber

A patient with heart failure starts taking naproxen regularly for back pain. Why is this a concern?

1. ANSAIDs increase heart contractility too much
2. BNSAIDs cause salt and water retention and can worsen heart failure
3. CNSAIDs lower potassium, which makes digoxin and diuretics fail
4. DNSAIDs block the absorption of furosemide completely

Which regimen is standard for eradicating Helicobacter pylori?

1. AAn antacid alone, taken after meals and at bedtime for six months
2. BAcid suppression plus at least two antibiotics, often with bismuth, for 14 days
3. CA single dose of an antibiotic given intravenously
4. DAn H2 blocker taken only when pain occurs