药理学练习卷（附答案）

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. ARaise serum potassium
2. BPrevent blood clots
3. CTreat high blood pressure long term
4. DReduce raised intracranial pressure

How does rasagiline help in Parkinson's disease?

1. AIt is converted directly into dopamine inside brain neurones
2. BIt blocks dopamine receptors in the brain
3. CIt blocks acetylcholine receptors in the gut
4. DIt inhibits MAO-B, so brain dopamine is broken down more slowly

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ACauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
2. BBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving
3. CReplaces alcohol as a sedative
4. DSpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol

A patient takes theophylline for COPD. Which advice is most important?

1. ADrink plenty of grapefruit juice each morning to improve absorption
2. BLimit coffee, tea and cola, because caffeine adds to the side effects
3. CTake extra doses when short of breath
4. DAvoid potassium-rich foods such as bananas

A woman taking tamoxifen should report which symptom promptly?

1. ASlightly dry skin
2. BMild tiredness in the afternoon
3. CUnusual vaginal bleeding or a painful swollen leg
4. DMild hot flushes, especially at night, in the first months

阿片类药物过量的解毒剂是哪种药？

1. A乙酰半胱氨酸
2. B氟马西尼
3. C阿托品
4. D纳洛酮

A patient with heart failure starts taking naproxen regularly for back pain. Why is this a concern?

1. ANSAIDs cause salt and water retention and can worsen heart failure
2. BNSAIDs lower potassium, which makes digoxin and diuretics fail
3. CNSAIDs increase heart contractility too much
4. DNSAIDs block the absorption of furosemide completely

A patient who takes propranolol has anaphylaxis and does not respond to repeated adrenaline doses. Which drug may help?

1. AGlucagon
2. BMore propranolol
3. CNaloxone
4. DOral cetirizine alone