药理学练习卷（附答案）

为什么给某些心脏病患者使用小剂量阿司匹林？

1. A立即缓解胸痛
2. B减少血小板聚集，预防血栓
3. C减慢心率
4. D降低血胆固醇水平并稳定斑块

What is the most common side effect of first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BRaised blood pressure
3. CInsomnia
4. DDrowsiness

In the United States, what does a Schedule II controlled substance mean?

1. AA drug available freely over the counter
2. BA drug with almost no risk of abuse
3. CA drug with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse
4. DA drug with accepted medical use but a high risk of abuse

肝素如何产生抗凝作用？

1. A它增强抗凝血酶的作用，使凝血酶和 Xa 因子失活
2. B它不可逆地抑制血小板 COX-1
3. C它阻断肝脏中维生素 K 依赖的凝血因子合成
4. D它分解已有血栓中的纤维蛋白

Which signs suggest early lithium toxicity?

1. AVery high blood pressure and a severe headache
2. BHair loss and dark urine only
3. CPinpoint pupils and slow breathing
4. DDiarrhoea, vomiting, coarse tremor and drowsiness

Why is propranolol usually avoided in patients with asthma?

1. AIt blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways and can cause bronchospasm
2. BIt increases mucus production by blocking histamine
3. CIt stimulates alpha-1 receptors in the airways and raises blood pressure
4. DIt causes tolerance to inhaled corticosteroids

Why are tetracyclines usually avoided in pregnancy and in young children (under 8 years in US guidance, under 12 years in the UK)?

1. AThey cause severe hearing loss in children
2. BThey block the action of growth hormone and stunt the child's growth
3. CThey cause grey baby syndrome in infants
4. DThey bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently

A patient receiving a phenylephrine infusion has a rise in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate. What is the best explanation?

1. AAlpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
2. BThe fall in heart rate shows phenylephrine toxicity of the AV node
3. CPhenylephrine directly blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart's conduction system
4. DPhenylephrine stimulates muscarinic receptors