药理学练习卷（附答案）

Alendronate, used for osteoporosis, belongs to which class?

1. ABisphosphonates
2. BCalcium channel blockers
3. CCorticosteroids
4. DThyroid hormones

How does tamsulosin improve urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AIt increases urine production in the kidney
2. BIt shrinks the prostate gland over months by blocking testosterone
3. CIt blocks alpha-1 receptors and relaxes prostate smooth muscle
4. DIt contracts the bladder muscle

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain
2. BOnly the patient
3. CA family member when the patient is asleep
4. DThe nursing assistant at set times

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. AFlush the line with a large volume of saline
2. BStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol
3. CRemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
4. DIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the dose with food to slow absorption
2. BGive half the dose and document the pulse
3. CWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber
4. DGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
2. BGive intramuscular glucagon at once
3. CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
4. DGive the next scheduled dose of insulin

为什么正在使用硝酸酯类药物治疗心绞痛的患者禁用西地那非？

1. A西地那非阻断血管中硝酸酯向一氧化氮的转化
2. B硝酸酯类阻断西地那非在肝脏中的代谢
3. C合用会引起危险的高钾血症
4. D两者都升高血管平滑肌中的 cGMP，可能引起严重低血压

对于一级消除的药物，剂量加倍（给药间隔不变）会：

1. A使达到稳态的时间减半
2. B稳态浓度不变，但达到稳态所需的时间减半
3. C使半衰期加倍
4. D使稳态浓度加倍，但不改变达到稳态的时间