药理学练习卷（附答案）

What is drug synergism?

1. AA drug loses its effect after repeated doses
2. BTwo drugs together produce exactly the sum of their separate effects
3. COne drug cancels out the effect of another drug
4. DTwo drugs together have a greater effect than the sum of each alone

In the United States, what is a "boxed warning" (black box warning) on a drug label?

1. AThe strongest FDA warning about a serious or life-threatening risk
2. BA sign that the drug must be stored in a dark box
3. CA note that the drug is available without prescription
4. DA label showing that the drug is a controlled substance with abuse potential

Which intramuscular site is recommended for infants?

1. ADeltoid
2. BVentral forearm
3. CVastus lateralis (outer thigh)
4. DDorsogluteal (upper outer buttock)

An IV site is cool, swollen and pale, and the infusion is running slowly. What should the nurse do?

1. AFlush the cannula forcefully with saline
2. BIncrease the infusion rate to push through and clear the blockage
3. CStop the infusion, remove the cannula and elevate the limb
4. DApply a tight bandage over the site

A patient takes theophylline for COPD. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake extra doses when short of breath
2. BDrink plenty of grapefruit juice each morning to improve absorption
3. CLimit coffee, tea and cola, because caffeine adds to the side effects
4. DAvoid potassium-rich foods such as bananas

Why is testing for HLA-B*15:02 recommended before carbamazepine in people of some Asian ancestries?

1. AThis gene variant speeds up the kidney excretion of carbamazepine
2. BIt greatly raises the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome
3. CThis gene variant causes carbamazepine to raise blood glucose
4. DThis gene variant makes carbamazepine ineffective

一种半衰期短的药物以远长于其半衰期的给药间隔给药。达到稳态时结果如何？

1. A峰浓度和谷浓度之间波动很大
2. B浓度非常稳定，几乎没有波动
3. C逐渐蓄积到中毒浓度
4. D永远达不到稳态

A patient is switched from oral to intravenous morphine. Why is the IV dose lower than the oral dose?

1. AThe oral route causes tolerance faster than the IV route
2. BOral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
3. CIV morphine is excreted much more slowly by the kidney than oral morphine
4. DIV morphine is a stronger chemical form of the drug