药理学练习卷（附答案）

什么是治疗指数？

1. A每天的给药次数
2. B中毒剂量与有效剂量之比
3. C口服剂量中到达体循环的百分比
4. D达到稳态所需的时间

抗生素对什么有效？

1. A细菌
2. B病毒
3. C过敏反应
4. D所有微生物同样有效

哪种药物是过敏性休克的一线治疗？

1. A肌内注射肾上腺素
2. B口服泼尼松龙
3. C口服抗组胺药
4. D吸入沙丁胺醇

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
2. BGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
3. CGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
4. DGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk

How can the absorption of oral iron be improved?

1. ATake it with a cup of strong tea
2. BTake it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
3. CTake it at the same time as an antacid to protect the stomach
4. DTake it with a glass of milk

How should a hyoscine (scopolamine) patch for motion sickness be used?

1. AApply it to the chest only after the vomiting has started
2. BApply it behind the ear several hours before travel
3. CSwallow it if no water is available
4. DCut it in half for children without advice

A man taking doxazosin for hypertension starts sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main risk?

1. AHyperkalaemia
2. BSymptomatic low blood pressure and fainting
3. CBronchospasm
4. DSevere hypertension and a pounding headache

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
2. BLithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
3. CLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
4. DThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated