药理学练习卷（附答案）

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. AUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)
2. BBacterial meningitis in adults and children
3. CPneumonia
4. DBone infections

How does activated charcoal work in poisoning?

1. AIt makes the patient vomit the poison before it is absorbed
2. BIt binds (adsorbs) the poison in the gut so less is absorbed
3. CIt speeds up liver metabolism of the poison
4. DIt neutralises acids in the blood

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of which hormone?

1. AOxytocin, the hormone of labour
2. BAntidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
3. CInsulin
4. DAldosterone

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a slow infusion over one hour
2. BAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
3. CAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
4. DAs a tablet under the tongue

Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?

1. ADarker stools than usual
2. BPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
3. CMild tiredness in the first few days
4. DA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose

按固定间隔给药，大约需要多长时间达到稳态？

1. A4 到 5 个半衰期
2. B1 个半衰期
3. C只取决于剂量大小
4. D10 个半衰期

A patient starting sertraline is taught about the drug. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"If I feel better after a week, I can stop taking it."
2. B"I may have some nausea at first."
3. C"It may take a few weeks to feel the full effect."
4. D"I will tell someone if I have thoughts of harming myself."

Before starting rituximab, patients are tested for hepatitis B. Why?

1. ARituximab can reactivate hepatitis B and cause liver failure
2. BRituximab is a vaccine against hepatitis B
3. CHepatitis B infection makes rituximab completely ineffective
4. DRituximab is made from the hepatitis B virus