药理学练习卷（附答案）

In hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose is given mainly to:

1. AReduce fluid in the abdomen
2. BRaise the blood glucose level
3. CLower the blood ammonia level
4. DStop bleeding from varices

哪种给药途径可以避免肝脏首过代谢？

1. A口服溶液
2. B口服片剂
3. C静脉给药
4. D放在直肠高位的栓剂

Which drug is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning?

1. AProtamine sulfate
2. BVitamin K
3. CHydroxocobalamin
4. DDeferoxamine

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. ASevere hypertension during the infusion itself
2. BCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
3. CPericarditis caused by infection
4. DRapid rise in cholesterol

美托洛尔等 β 受体阻滞剂主要阻断哪种受体？

1. A心脏的毒蕈碱受体
2. B脂肪组织的 β3 受体
3. C血管的 α1 受体
4. D心脏的 β1 肾上腺素受体

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
2. BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
3. CDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
4. DTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster

A patient with latent tuberculosis feels well and is not infectious. Why is treatment such as isoniazid still offered?

1. ATo cure an active lung infection
2. BTo stop the patient spreading TB at the moment
3. CTo produce a negative skin test quickly
4. DTo prevent progression to active TB later

A nurse gives 2 mg from a 4 mg ampoule of morphine. What should happen to the remaining 2 mg?

1. AIt is discarded in front of a witness, and both sign the record
2. BIt is poured down the sink without telling anyone
3. CIt is given to the next patient who needs morphine
4. DIt is kept labelled in the patient's drawer for the next dose