药理学练习卷（附答案）

Why are corticosteroids such as betamethasone given to a woman at risk of preterm birth?

1. ATo prevent infection in the mother
2. BTo lower the mother's blood glucose
3. CTo speed up fetal lung maturity
4. DTo stop contractions completely

Donepezil, used in Alzheimer's disease, belongs to which class?

1. AAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors
2. BDopamine agonists
3. CSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
4. DBenzodiazepines

Finasteride is used in benign prostatic hyperplasia because it:

1. AInhibits 5-alpha reductase and slowly shrinks the prostate
2. BKills bacteria in the prostate
3. CIncreases testosterone production
4. DRelaxes smooth muscle in the prostate within hours of the first dose

After a vaccination, why is a person asked to wait for a short time before leaving?

1. ATo check that the vaccine has already created protective antibodies
2. BTo watch for anaphylaxis, which usually starts within minutes
3. CTo measure the person's temperature for fever
4. DTo make sure the injection site does not bruise

A patient wants to stop paroxetine suddenly. What should the nurse explain?

1. AStopping suddenly causes dangerous low blood sugar
2. BStopping suddenly causes the drug to work better for a while
3. CIt can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability
4. DIt can be stopped at any time, as antidepressants cause no withdrawal effects

哪种副作用是钙通道阻滞剂氨氯地平的典型副作用？

1. A高钾血症
2. B支气管痉挛
3. C干咳
4. D踝部水肿

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypoglycaemia; the patient should eat sweets and continue as usual
2. BAcute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
3. CExpected nausea; the patient should take the next dose with food
4. DConstipation; a laxative will solve the problem

Why is vincristine labelled "for intravenous use only – fatal if given by other routes"?

1. AAccidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
2. BIntramuscular injection causes severe and prolonged hypoglycaemia
3. COral vincristine causes immediate anaphylaxis
4. DSubcutaneous injection makes the drug inactive