药理学练习卷（附答案）

对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）过量主要损伤哪个器官？

1. A胃黏膜
2. B肺
3. C先损伤肾脏，再损伤心脏
4. D肝脏

片剂的肠溶衣有什么作用？

1. A使片剂原样随粪便排出体外
2. B使片剂味道变甜
3. C使片剂在口中溶解
4. D使片剂在到达肠道之前不溶解

What is the purpose of "Tall Man" lettering, such as hydrOXYzine and hydrALAZINE?

1. ATo show which drugs are for children
2. BTo show the brand name of the drug
3. CTo reduce confusion between look-alike drug names
4. DTo show which drugs are high-alert medications

A patient must mix regular (soluble) insulin and NPH (isophane) insulin in one syringe. What is the correct order?

1. ADraw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
2. BDraw them up in separate syringes, then mix them in a cup
3. CDraw up the cloudy NPH insulin first, then the clear regular insulin
4. DShake both vials hard, then draw them up in any order

Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?

1. ATake double doses in the first week
2. BTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
3. CTake it after food with a full glass of water
4. DTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea

How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?

1. APull the pinna up and back
2. BPull the pinna down and back
3. CLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal
4. DPush the pinna forward and up

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
2. BIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
3. CIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
4. DIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people

A patient with heart failure on furosemide is also given metolazone, a thiazide-like diuretic. Which risk increases most?

1. AHypoglycaemia and weight gain
2. BHyperkalaemia and fluid overload
3. CSevere hypertension, tachycardia and fluid retention
4. DSevere hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration