药理学练习卷（附答案）

Which of these is a live attenuated vaccine?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine
2. BMMR (measles, mumps and rubella)
3. CInactivated influenza injection
4. DTetanus toxoid

Which drug is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity?

1. AProtamine sulfate
2. BNaloxone
3. CPotassium chloride
4. DCalcium gluconate

洛哌丁胺用于治疗：

1. A便秘
2. B腹泻
3. C烧心
4. D恶心

How are most medication doses for children calculated?

1. ABy the child's height alone
2. BBy body weight in kilograms, or sometimes body surface area
3. CBy the child's age in years only
4. DBy giving half of the adult dose to all children under 12

A patient takes low-dose weekly methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which monitoring is needed?

1. ADaily blood glucose checks
2. BMonthly hearing tests
3. CWeekly INR checks and a monthly ECG to check the heart rhythm
4. DRegular blood count, liver and kidney function tests

Why should a patient rinse the mouth after using an inhaled corticosteroid?

1. ATo stop the drug being absorbed too quickly into the blood
2. BTo prevent a fall in blood glucose
3. CTo reduce the risk of oral thrush (candidiasis) and hoarseness
4. DTo make the drug work faster in the lungs

A man taking spironolactone for heart failure develops painful breast enlargement. Which change may be considered?

1. AAdding testosterone injections
2. BDoubling the spironolactone dose to overcome the side effect
3. CSwitching to eplerenone, which has fewer anti-androgen effects
4. DSwitching to potassium chloride tablets

为什么正在使用硝酸酯类药物治疗心绞痛的患者禁用西地那非？

1. A合用会引起危险的高钾血症
2. B西地那非阻断血管中硝酸酯向一氧化氮的转化
3. C两者都升高血管平滑肌中的 cGMP，可能引起严重低血压
4. D硝酸酯类阻断西地那非在肝脏中的代谢