药理学练习卷（附答案）

什么是药物不良反应？

1. A只在过量后发生的反应
2. B患者注意到的任何药物作用
3. C药物预期的治疗作用
4. D在常规剂量下对药物产生的有害、非预期的反应

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. ABone infections
2. BPneumonia
3. CUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)
4. DBacterial meningitis in adults and children

Which adverse effect can follow long-term use of strong topical corticosteroids?

1. AIncreased hair loss on the scalp
2. BThinning of the skin
3. CThickening of the skin
4. DPermanent darkening of the nails

Which teaching about antiepileptic drugs is most important?

1. AStop the drug when you have had no seizures for one whole week
2. BTake a double dose if you feel a seizure coming
3. CDo not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
4. DAlcohol has no effect on seizure control

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the dose with food to slow absorption
2. BGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour
3. CWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber
4. DGive half the dose and document the pulse

How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?

1. AIt neutralises acid by releasing bicarbonate
2. BIt kills Helicobacter pylori directly
3. CIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
4. DIt blocks histamine H2 receptors in the stomach

为什么 ACE 抑制剂会使双侧肾动脉狭窄的患者发生急性肾损伤？

1. AACE 抑制剂收缩入球小动脉
2. B肾小球滤过率依赖血管紧张素 II 收缩出球小动脉
3. C药物在肾小管中结晶
4. DACE 抑制剂对肾脏近端小管细胞有直接毒性

A patient taking co-trimoxazole develops fever, a spreading blistering rash and painful mouth sores. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AStevens–Johnson syndrome; stop the drug and get urgent medical care
2. BA mild rash that will settle; continue the drug and give moisturiser
3. COral thrush; start an antifungal and continue the antibiotic
4. DSunburn caused by the drug; advise sunscreen only