药理学练习卷（附答案）

哪类药物用于缓解急性哮喘发作？

1. A短效 β2 受体激动剂
2. Bβ 受体阻滞剂
3. C抗组胺药
4. DACE 抑制剂

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
4. DThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord

Disulfiram is used in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ACauses an unpleasant reaction if alcohol is drunk
2. BRemoves alcohol from the blood faster
3. CReplaces alcohol at its receptors in the brain
4. DCures liver damage caused by alcohol

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
2. BIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
3. CIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
4. DIt causes immediate kidney failure

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AStraight after a large evening meal
2. BAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
3. COnly when heartburn is severe
4. DWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest

A patient takes theophylline for COPD. Which advice is most important?

1. ALimit coffee, tea and cola, because caffeine adds to the side effects
2. BAvoid potassium-rich foods such as bananas
3. CDrink plenty of grapefruit juice each morning to improve absorption
4. DTake extra doses when short of breath

庆大霉素与大剂量静脉用呋塞米合用。哪种风险会特别增加？

1. A听力损害
2. B出血
3. C肝衰竭
4. D低血糖

A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANormal tiredness after a long labour
2. BAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling
3. CExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
4. DWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin