药理学练习卷（附答案）

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AA very severe form of the original infection
2. BAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward
3. CA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
4. DAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose

Which of these insulins is rapid-acting?

1. AInsulin detemir
2. BInsulin glargine
3. CInsulin lispro
4. DNPH (isophane) insulin

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A3.5–5.0 mmol/L
2. B95–105 mmol/L
3. C150–165 mmol/L
4. D135–145 mmol/L

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
2. BGive intramuscular glucagon at once
3. CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
4. DGive the next scheduled dose of insulin

Before starting a TNF-alpha inhibitor such as adalimumab, which test is required?

1. AAn echocardiogram in every patient
2. BA bone density scan
3. CScreening for latent tuberculosis
4. DA glucose tolerance test

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
2. BIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously
3. CIt causes immediate kidney failure
4. DIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction

一种半衰期短的药物以远长于其半衰期的给药间隔给药。达到稳态时结果如何？

1. A峰浓度和谷浓度之间波动很大
2. B永远达不到稳态
3. C浓度非常稳定，几乎没有波动
4. D逐渐蓄积到中毒浓度

非竞争性（不可逆）拮抗剂如何改变量效曲线？

1. A使曲线变陡，没有其他变化
2. B使曲线左移
3. C使曲线右移，最大效应不变
4. D降低最大效应