药理学练习卷（附答案）

下列哪一项是药物代谢中典型的 II 相（结合）反应？

1. A葡萄糖醛酸化
2. B还原
3. C水解
4. D氧化

为什么给某些心脏病患者使用小剂量阿司匹林？

1. A减少血小板聚集，预防血栓
2. B立即缓解胸痛
3. C降低血胆固醇水平并稳定斑块
4. D减慢心率

哪种药物是过敏性休克的一线治疗？

1. A肌内注射肾上腺素
2. B吸入沙丁胺醇
3. C口服泼尼松龙
4. D口服抗组胺药

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
2. BIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
3. CMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
4. DStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover

During an oxytocin infusion, contractions become very frequent and the fetal heart rate shows late decelerations. What is the nurse's first action?

1. APosition the woman flat on her back
2. BGive a second oxytocin bolus
3. CIncrease the infusion to finish labour quickly
4. DStop the oxytocin infusion

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour
2. BGive the dose with food to slow absorption
3. CGive half the dose and document the pulse
4. DWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber

A patient with HIV has a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³. Which prophylaxis is usually started?

1. AFluconazole to prevent urinary and skin infections
2. BIsoniazid to prevent hepatitis B
3. CCo-trimoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
4. DOseltamivir to prevent influenza

A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?

1. APinpoint pupils and coma
2. BSevere bradycardia
3. CWithdrawal seizures
4. DProfound respiratory depression