药理学练习卷（附答案）

Which of these is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic?

1. AOlanzapine
2. BFluphenazine
3. CHaloperidol
4. DChlorpromazine

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A135–145 mmol/L
2. B95–105 mmol/L
3. C150–165 mmol/L
4. D3.5–5.0 mmol/L

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ATo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
2. BTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
3. CBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
4. DBecause one drug alone causes no side effects

A patient wants to stop paroxetine suddenly. What should the nurse explain?

1. AStopping suddenly causes the drug to work better for a while
2. BIt can be stopped at any time, as antidepressants cause no withdrawal effects
3. CIt can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability
4. DStopping suddenly causes dangerous low blood sugar

A patient with a fentanyl patch is given home-care advice. Which instruction is correct?

1. AApply each new patch over the same skin area
2. BThrow used patches loose into the household bin with the packaging
3. CCut the patch in half if the pain is mild
4. DAvoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch

A patient given haloperidol develops a sudden painful twisting of the neck and the eyes roll upward. Which drug is usually given?

1. ANaloxone
2. BA second dose of haloperidol
3. CDantrolene by mouth to relax the twisted neck muscles
4. DAn anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)

A patient with epilepsy needs pain relief. Why is tramadol used with caution?

1. AIt always causes respiratory arrest in epilepsy
2. BIt speeds up the metabolism of all antiepileptic drugs
3. CIt causes a sharp rise in blood glucose
4. DIt lowers the seizure threshold

某药分布容积为 40 L，生物利用度为 100%。要达到 2 mg/L 的目标血浆浓度，负荷剂量应为多少？

1. A42 mg
2. B80 mg
3. C20 mg
4. D160 mg