药理学练习卷（附答案）

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
2. BIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
3. CIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
4. DIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain

What does "polypharmacy" mean?

1. AA pharmacy that stocks many different brands of the same drug
2. BUsing a drug at a very high dose
3. CTaking one drug in several different forms
4. DThe use of many medicines at the same time, often five or more

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ASpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol
2. BCauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
3. CReplaces alcohol as a sedative
4. DBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. APericarditis caused by infection
2. BCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
3. CSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
4. DRapid rise in cholesterol

A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?

1. A"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"
2. B"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
3. C"Have you taken paracetamol today?"
4. D"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"

After a vaccination, why is a person asked to wait for a short time before leaving?

1. ATo watch for anaphylaxis, which usually starts within minutes
2. BTo measure the person's temperature for fever
3. CTo make sure the injection site does not bruise
4. DTo check that the vaccine has already created protective antibodies

A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and observe for a reaction
2. BWithhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
3. CGive the amoxicillin, as it belongs to a different antibiotic group
4. DGive the amoxicillin with an antihistamine to prevent a reaction

A noradrenaline infusion is running through a peripheral cannula. The skin around the site becomes pale, cold and hard. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol
2. BIncrease the rate to improve blood flow to the area
3. CApply heat and massage the area, then continue the infusion
4. DLeave the infusion running and recheck in 4 hours