药理学练习卷（附答案）

What is a prodrug?

1. AA drug that has passed all clinical trials
2. BA drug that is inactive until the body converts it into its active form
3. CA drug that prevents or reverses the effect of another drug in the body
4. DA drug that is given before surgery

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. ABleeding in the back of the eye
2. BCataracts that form within a few days of starting
3. COptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
4. DPermanent dilation of the pupils

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. AReduce raised intracranial pressure
2. BTreat high blood pressure long term
3. CPrevent blood clots
4. DRaise serum potassium

异丙托溴铵是用于 COPD 的支气管扩张剂。它如何起作用？

1. A像糖皮质激素一样减轻炎症
2. B它刺激气道中的 β2 肾上腺素受体
3. C阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体
4. D阻断白三烯受体

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward
2. BA healthy 1-year-old child
3. CA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
4. DA patient with mild seasonal allergies

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. APericarditis caused by infection
2. BSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
3. CCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
4. DRapid rise in cholesterol

A noradrenaline infusion is running through a peripheral cannula. The skin around the site becomes pale, cold and hard. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave the infusion running and recheck in 4 hours
2. BIncrease the rate to improve blood flow to the area
3. CApply heat and massage the area, then continue the infusion
4. DStop the infusion at that site and follow the extravasation protocol

Why is vincristine labelled "for intravenous use only – fatal if given by other routes"?

1. AIntramuscular injection causes severe and prolonged hypoglycaemia
2. BOral vincristine causes immediate anaphylaxis
3. CAccidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
4. DSubcutaneous injection makes the drug inactive