药理学练习卷（附答案）

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AA very severe form of the original infection
2. BA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
3. CAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose
4. DAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward

Which side effect is common with magnesium-containing antacids?

1. ADry cough
2. BDiarrhoea
3. CConstipation
4. DDrowsiness

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
2. BIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
3. CIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
4. DIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
2. BVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
3. CVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
4. DVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid

哪项体征是阿片类药物中毒的典型表现？

1. A瞳孔明显散大
2. B体温升高
3. C呼吸深快
4. D针尖样瞳孔

服用甲硝唑的患者通常被建议避免：

1. A饮酒
2. B日晒
3. C西柚汁
4. D乳制品

A man taking spironolactone for heart failure develops painful breast enlargement. Which change may be considered?

1. ASwitching to eplerenone, which has fewer anti-androgen effects
2. BAdding testosterone injections
3. CSwitching to potassium chloride tablets
4. DDoubling the spironolactone dose to overcome the side effect

A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and observe for a reaction
2. BWithhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
3. CGive the amoxicillin with an antihistamine to prevent a reaction
4. DGive the amoxicillin, as it belongs to a different antibiotic group